Musi waZvita 14, 2020, United Kingdom yakashumaa SARS-CoV-2 musiyano wekunetseka (VOC), mutsara B.1.1.7,zvakare inonzi VOC 202012/01 kana 20I/501Y.V1.* TheB.1.1.7 musiyano unofungidzirwa kuti wakabuda munaGunyana2020 uye yakakurumidza kuve iyo inotungamira kutendereraSARS-CoV-2 musiyano muEngland (1).B.1.1.7 zvaveyakaonekwa munyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu, kusanganisira United States.AsyaJanuary 13, 2021, inenge 76 nyaya dzeB.1.1.7 dzineyakaonekwa mu12 US states.Mitsara yakawanda yeuchapupuzvinoratidza kuti B.1.1.7 inofambiswa zvakanaka kupfuura zvirimamwe maSARS-CoV-2 akasiyana (1-3).The modeled trajectory yemusiyano uyu muUS unoratidza kukura nekukurumidza mukutanga kwa2021,kuva musiyano mukuru muna Kurume.KuwedzeraSARS-CoV-2 kutapurirana kunogona kutyisidzira hutano hwakaomararazviwanikwa, zvinoda kuwedzerwa uye zvakanyanya kuomarara kuitayemaitiro ehutano hweveruzhinji (4), uye kuwedzera chikamu chekudzivirirwa kwevanhu kunodiwa pakudzivirira denda.Kutoramatanho ekuderedza kutapurirana ikozvino anogona kuderedza kugonakukanganisa kweB.1.1.7 uye kubvumira nguva yakakosha yekuwedzera jekisenition coverage.Pamwe chete, yakawedzera genomic surveillancezvakasanganiswa nekuenderera mberi kwekutevedzwa neruzhinji runoshandanhanho dzehutano, kusanganisira kubaya, kufamba kwemuviri,kushandiswa kwemasks, hutsanana hwemaoko, uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kugara wega, zvichadarokuve kwakakosha kudzikamisa kupararira kweSARS-CoV-2, hutachionaizvo zvinokonzeresa chirwere chekoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).Strategickuongororwa kwevanhu vasina zviratidzo asi vari panjodzi huru yehutachiona, hwakadai seavo vakafumurwa kune SARS-CoV-2 kana vanenguva zhinji isingadzivisiki kusangana neruzhinji, inopa imwemukana wekudzikamisa kupararira kunoenderera mberi.

Global genomic surveillance uye nekukurumidza yakavhurika-sosi sharing yehutachiona genome sequences yakagonesa pedyo nenguva chaiyokucherechedzwa, kuenzanisa, uye kuteedzera kushanduka kweSARS-CoV-2akasiyana anogona kuzivisa kuedza kwehutano hweveruzhinji kudzoradenda.Nepo mamwe machinjiro muhutachiona genomekubuda uye yobva yadzika, vamwe vanogona kupa yakasarudzika advantage kune musiyano, kusanganisira yakawedzerwa transmissibility, kuitira kutimusiyano wakadaro unogona kukurumidza kutonga mamwe akasiyana anotenderera.

Pakutanga kwedenda, akasiyana eSARS-CoV-2 aneiyo D614G shanduko mune spike (S) protein inowedzerareceptor inosunga avidity yakakurumidza kuve inotonga mune dzakawandanharaunda (5,6).Mukupera kwekupera kwa2020, nyika dzakawanda dzakati dzakaonaSARS-CoV-2 akasiyana anopararira zvakanyanya.Pamusoro pekune B.1.1.7 mutsauko, zvinoonekwa zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira B.1.351dzinza rakatanga kuonekwa muSouth Africa uye richangozivikanwaB.1.1.28 subclade (yakapiwazve zita“P.1”) yakaonekwa muvafambi vanakubva kuBrazil panguva yekuongorora nguva dzose paHaneda (Tokyo)airport.§ Aya akasiyana anotakura nyeredzi ye genetic mutations, kusanganisira muS protein receptor-binding domain,iyo yakakosha pakusunga kune iyo host cell angiotensin-kushandura enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor kufambisa hutachionakupinda.Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti mamwe mageneti anowanikwa mune izvimisiyano inogona kupa kwete kungowedzera kutapurirana asizvinogona zvakare kukanganisa kuita kweimwe diagnostic chaiyo-nguvareverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)assays¶ uye kuderedza kusagadzikana kune neutralizing antibodies(2,3,5-10).Imwe nyaya ichangoburwa yakanyora nyaya yekutanga yeSARS-CoV-2 kudzoreredzwa muBrazil neSARS-CoV-2 musiyanoiyo yaive neE484K mutation, ** iyo yakaratidzwakuderedza neutralization ne convalescent sera uye monoclonalmasoja ekudzivirira chirwere (9,10).

Chirevo ichi chinotarisa kubuda kweiyo B.1.1.7 musiyanomuUnited States.Kubva muna Ndira 12, 2021, kana iyoB.1.351 kana P.1 akasiyana aonekwa muNyika dzakabatana.Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve inobuda SARS-CoV-2zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunetseka, CDC inochengetedza peji rewebhu rakatsaurirwaichipa ruzivo rwezviri kubuda SARS-CoV-2 akasiyana.††

 B.1.1.7 dzinza (20I/501Y.V1)

B.1.1.7 musiyano unotakura shanduko muS protein(N501Y) iyo inokanganisa kuumbwa kwekugamuchira-kusungadomain.Musiyano uyu une 13 mamwe B.1.1.7 mutsara-definingmutations (Table), akati wandei ari muS protein,kusanganisira kudzimwa pazvinzvimbo 69 uye 70 (del69-70) kutiyakashanduka yega mune mamwe maSARS-CoV-2 akasiyana uye arikufungidzira kuwedzera transmissibility (2,7).The deletionpazvinzvimbo 69 ne70 zvinokonzeresa S-gene chinangwa kutadza (SGTF)mune imwe RT-PCR-yakavakirwa diagnostic assay (kureva, neThermoFisher Taq Path COVID-19 assay, iyo B.1.1.7 varisvosve uye mamwe akasiyana ane del69-70 inoburitsa negativemhedzisiro yeS-gene chinangwa uye mhedzisiro yakanaka kune mamwe mavirizvinangwa);SGTF yakashanda semumiriri muUnited Kingdomyekuzivisa B.1.1.7 nyaya (1).Mitsara yakawanda yeuchapupu inoratidza kuti B.1.1.7 yakawandainofambiswa zvakanaka kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe SARS-CoV-2zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotenderera muUnited Kingdom.UK matunhu anechikamu chepamusoro cheB.1.1.7 kutevedzana chaive nedenda rinokurumidzakukura kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo, kuongororwa neSGTF kwakawedzeranekukurumidza kupfuura zvakaitwa nevasiri veSGTF kuongororwa munzvimbo dzakafanana, uye achikamu chepamusoro chevanobatika vakatapukirwa nevarwere vane indexane B.1.1.7 zvirwere kupfuura ne index varwere vane utachionazvimwe zvakasiyana (1,3).Variant B.1.1.7 ine mukana wekuwedzera US pandemic trajectory mumwedzi iri kuuya.Kuenzanisira chiitiko ichi,yakapfava, miviri yakasiyana-siyana modhi yekamuri yakagadzirwa.Ikozvino US kuwanda kweB.1.1.7 pakati pezvose zviri kutendereramavhairasi haazivikanwe asi anofungidzirwa kuve <0.5% zvichienderana nenhamba shoma yemakesi akaonekwa uye SGTF data (8).Formuenzaniso, mafungiro ekutanga aisanganisira B.1.1.7 kuwandaye0.5% pakati pezvirwere zvese, SARS-CoV-2 kusadzivirirwa kubvahutachiona hwekare hwe10%-30%, kubereka kunosiyana-siyananhamba (R t) ye1.1 (yakaderedzwa asi ichiwedzera kutapurirana)kana 0.9 (inodzikira kutapurirana) yezvakasiyana zvazvino, uye zviitiko zve60 zviitiko pa100,000 vanhu pazuva pazuva.Ndira 1, 2021. Aya fungidziro haamiriri chaizvochero nzvimbo imwe chete yeUS, asi panzvimbo pezvo, inoratidza ruzhinji rwemamiriro ezvinhu anowanikwa munyika yose.Shanduko muR t pamusoronguva inokonzerwa nekuwana kusadzivirirwa uye kuwedzera prevachiyero cheB.1.1.7, chakaenzanisirwa, paine B.1.1.7 R t inofungirwakuve inongogara 1.5 nguva iyo R t yezvino mutsauko, zvichibva pafungidziro dzekutanga kubva kuUnited Kingdom (1,3).Tevere, kukonzeresa kungangoitwa kwejekisenitichifungidzira kuti miriyoni imwe yemishonga yekudzivirira yakapihwa pazuva kutanga Ndira 1, 2021, uye iyo 95% kusadzivirirwayakawanikwa mazuva gumi nemana mushure mekugamuchira 2 doses.Zvakananga,kusadzivirirwa kurwisa utachiona pamwe nemhando dzazvino kana theB.1.1.7 musiyano wakafungidzirwa, kunyange zvazvo kushanda uyenguva yekudzivirirwa kubva kuhutachiona inoramba isina chokwadi,nokuti aya akanga asiri iwo magumo ekutanga ekuedzwa kwekirinikikune majekiseni ekutanga.Mumuenzaniso uyu, B.1.1.7 kuwanda kwekutanga kwakaderera, asi nokutiinotapuriranwa kupfuura yazvino misiyano, inoratidzakukurumidza kukura mukutanga kwa2021, ichiva iyo yakanyanya kusiyanasvosve muna March (Mufananidzo 1).Kana kutapurirana kwezvinomisiyano iri kuwedzera (yekutanga R t = 1.1) kana kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma(yekutanga R t = 0.9) muna Ndira, B.1.1.7 inofambisa shanduko hurumune yekufambisa trajectory uye chikamu chitsva cheexponentialkukura.Nejekiseni inodzivirira kubva kuhutachiona, iyomavambo edenda haachinje uye B.1.1.7 inopararirazvichiri kuitika (Mufananidzo 2).Zvisinei, mushure meB.1.1.7 inova iyomusiyano mukuru, kutapurirana kwayo kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.Mhedzisiro yekudzivirira pakuderedza kutapurirana munguva iri pedyonguva yaive yakakura pane iyo mamiriro ekutapuriranayatoderera (yekutanga R t = 0.9) (Mufananidzo 2).Early kuedza kutiinogona kuderedza kupararira kweB.1.1.7 yakasiyana, yakadai sepasi rose uyekuwedzera kutevedza nzira dzekuderedza hutano hweveruzhinji,zvichabvumira nguva yakawanda yekuenderera mberi kwejekiseni kuti iwane yakakwirirakudzivirirwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu.

Kukurukurirana

Parizvino, hapana musiyano unozivikanwa mumigumisiro yeklinikiyakabatana neyakatsanangurwa SARS-CoV-2 akasiyana;zvisinei,mwero wepamusoro wekutapurirana unozotungamira kune dzakawanda nyaya, kuwedzeranhamba yevanhu vose vanoda rubatsiro rwekliniki, inowedzerakutakura mutoro pane yakatoomerwa hutano hwehutano,uye zvichikonzera kufa kwakawanda.Kuenderera mberi genomic surveillancekuziva B.1.1.7 nyaya, uyewo kubuda dzimwekusiyana kwekunetseka muUnited States, kwakakosha kuneCOVID-19 mhinduro yehutano hweveruzhinji.Nepo mhinduro dzeSGTFinogona kubatsira kuziva zvingangoitika zveB.1.1.7 zvinogona kusimbiswanekutevedzana, kuratidza zvakakosha zvakasiyana zvisingaratidziSGTF inotsamira chete pakutevedzana-kwakavakirwa kuongorora.