Pathogenic microorganisms hutachiona hunogona kupinda mumuviri wemunhu, hunokonzera zvirwere uye kunyange zvirwere zvinotapukira, kana zvirwere.Pakati pezvirwere, mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi ndizvo zvinonyanya kukuvadza.

Utachiona ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekurwara nekufa kwevanhu.Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kuwanikwa kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona kwakachinja mushonga wemazuva ano, zvichipa vanhu “chombo” chokurwisa zvirwere, uyewo kuita kuti kuvhiyiwa, kuisirwa nhengo dzomuviri, uye kurapwa kwekenza zvibvire.Zvisinei, kune marudzi akawanda ezvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere zvinotapukira, kusanganisira mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, fungi uye mamwe ma microorganisms.Kuti vavandudze kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu

Hutano hunoda kwakaringana uye nekukurumidza nzira dzekuongorora dzekiriniki.Saka ndeapi matekinoroji ekuona kwemicrobiological?

01 Nzira yekuongorora yechinyakare

Mukuita kwechinyakare kucherechedzwa kwepathogenic microorganisms, mazhinji acho anofanirwa kuve akasvibiswa, akaumbwa, uye kuzivikanwa kwehupenyu kunoitwa pahwaro uhwu, kuitira kuti marudzi akasiyana ehutachiona aonekwe, uye kukosha kwekuonekwa kwakakwira.Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuona dzinosanganisira smear microscopy, kupatsanurwa tsika uye biochemical reaction, uye tissue cell tsika.

1 Smear microscopy

Pathogenic microorganisms idiki muhukuru uye mazhinji haana ruvara uye anopenya.Mushure mekuvasvibisa, vanogona kushandiswa kutarisa saizi yavo, chimiro, kurongeka, nezvimwe nerubatsiro rwemicroscope.Iyo yakananga smear inosvibisa microscopic bvunzo iri nyore uye nekukurumidza, uye ichiri kushanda kune izvo pathogenic microbial utachiona nemhando dzakasiyana, senge gonococcal infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spirochetal infection, etc. for early preliminary diagnosis.Iyo nzira yekuongorora yakananga photomicroscopic inokurumidza, uye inogona kushandiswa pakuona kwekutarisa kwehutachiona nemhando dzakasiyana.Izvo hazvidi zvakakosha zvishandiso uye midziyo.Ichiri nzira yakakosha yekuonekwa kwepathogenic microorganism mumarabhoritari ekutanga.

2 Kuparadzanisa tsika uye biochemical reaction

Kupatsanura tsika kunonyanya kushandiswa kana paine mhando dzakawanda dzebhakitiriya uye imwe yacho inoda kupatsanurwa.Inonyanya kushandiswa musputum, tsvina, ropa, mvura yemuviri, nezvimwewo. Nokuti bhakitiriya inokura uye ichiwanda kwenguva yakareba, iyi nzira yekuedza inoda imwe nguva., Uye haigoni kugadziriswa mumabheji, saka nzvimbo yezvokurapa yakaramba ichiita tsvakurudzo pamusoro peizvi, uchishandisa otomatiki yekudzidzira uye zviziviso zvekushandisa kuti uvandudze nzira dzekudzidzira dzechinyakare uye kuvandudza kurongeka kwekuonekwa.

3 Tissue cell tsika

Tissue masero anonyanya kusanganisira chlamydia, mavhairasi, uye rickettsiae.Sezvo mhando dzemasero ematishu muzvirwere zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, mushure mekunge matishu abviswa kubva kune pathogenic microorganisms, masero mapenyu anofanirwa kuve akagadzirwa ne subculture.Kurimwa pathogenic microorganisms vari inoculated mu tishu masero kuti kurimwa kuderedza sero pathological shanduko sezvinobvira.Uye zvakare, mukugadzira masero ematishu, pathogenic microorganisms inogona kuiswa yakananga mumhuka dzinonzwa, uye ipapo hunhu hwehutachiona hunogona kuongororwa zvinoenderana nekushanduka kwematishu uye nhengo dzemhuka.

02 Genetic yekuongorora tekinoroji

Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kweyero yetekinoroji yekurapa munyika, kusimudzira uye kufambira mberi kweiyo molecular biological yekuona tekinoroji, iyo inogona kunyatsoona pathogenic microorganisms, inogona zvakare kuvandudza mamiriro azvino ekushandiswa kwekunze morphological uye physiological maitiro mune yechinyakare yekucherekedza maitiro, uye inogona kushandisa yakasarudzika majini.

1 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Polymerase chain reaction (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) inzira inoshandisa inozivikanwa oligonucleotide primers kutungamira uye kukwidziridza hushoma hwejini fragment kuti iedzwe muchidimbu chisingazivikanwe mu vitro.Nekuti PCR inogona kukwidziridza jena kuti riongororwe, inonyanya kukodzera kuongororwa kwekutanga kwehutachiona hwepathogen, asi kana maprimers asina kujeka, anogona kukonzera manyepo.PCR tekinoroji yakagadzira nekukurumidza mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, uye kuvimbika kwayo kwakavandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakukwidziridzwa kwemajini kuenda kugeni cloning uye shanduko uye genetic analysis.Iyi nzira zvakare ndiyo nzira huru yekuona iyo coronavirus nyowani mudenda iri.

Foregene yakagadzira RT-PCR kit yakavakirwa paDirect PCR tekinoroji, yekuona magene 2, 3 genes, uye akasiyana kubva kuUK, Brazil, South Africa, neIndia, B.1.1.7 mutsara (UK), B.1.351 mutsara (ZA), B.1.617 mutsara (IND) uye P.1 mutsara (BR), zvichiteerana.

2 Gene chip tekinoroji

Gene chip tekinoroji inoreva kushandiswa kweiyo microarray tekinoroji yekubatanidza yakakwira-density zvidimbu zveDNA kunzvimbo dzakasimba senge membrane uye magirazi mashiti mune imwe kurongeka kana kurongeka kuburikidza ne-high-speed robotics kana in-situ synthesis.NemaDNA probes akanyorwa neisotopes kana fluorescence, uye nerubatsiro rwemusimboti weiyo base complementary hybridization, nhamba huru yehunyanzvi hwekutsvagisa senge gene expression uye yekutarisa yakaitwa.Iko kushandiswa kweiyo gene chip tekinoroji kune kuongororwa kwepathogenic microorganisms kunogona kupfupisa zvakanyanya nguva yekuongororwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona zvakare kuona kana pathogen ine kusagadzikana kwemishonga, iyo mishonga isingamirire, uye kuti ndeapi madhiragi anonzwa, kuitira kupa mareferensi emishonga yekiriniki.Nekudaro, mutengo wekugadzira tekinoroji iyi wakakwirisa, uye kunzwisiswa kwekuonekwa kwechip kunoda kuvandudzwa.Naizvozvo, tekinoroji iyi ichiri kushandiswa mukutsvagisa marabhoritari uye haisati yashandiswa zvakanyanya mumakiriniki maitiro.

3 Nucleic acid hybridization tekinoroji

Nucleic acid hybridization inzira umo tambo imwe chete yema nucleotides ane anowirirana akatevedzana mumapathogenic microorganisms anobatana mumaseru kuita heteroduplexes.Chinhu chinotungamira mukusanganiswa ndeyekuita kwemakemikari pakati pe nucleic acid uye probes kuona pathogenic microorganisms.Parizvino, iyo nucleic acid recrossing matekiniki anoshandiswa kuona pathogenic microorganisms anonyanya kusanganisira nucleic acid in situ hybridization uye membrane blot hybridization.Nucleic acid in situ hybridization inoreva kusanganiswa kwema nucleic acids mumaseru epathogen ane maprobe akanyorwa.Membrane blot hybridization zvinoreva kuti mushure mekunge muongorori apatsanura nucleic acid yepathogen cell, inocheneswa yobatanidzwa nerutsigiro rwakasimba, yobva yasanganiswa ne accounting probe.Iyo accounting hybridization tekinoroji ine mabhenefiti ekushanda kuri nyore uye nekukurumidza, uye yakakodzera kune inonzwisisika uye ine chinangwa pathogenic microorganisms.

03 Serological kuyedzwa

Kuongororwa kweserological kunogona kukurumidza kuona pathogenic microorganisms.Nheyo yakakosha yetekinoroji yekuongorora tekinoroji ndeyekuona hutachiona kuburikidza neanozivikanwa pathogen antigens uye masoja ekudzivirira chirwere.Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare kupatsanurwa kwesero uye tsika, nhanho dzekushanda dzekuongorora serological dziri nyore.Inowanzo shandiswa nzira dzekuona dzinosanganisira latex agglutination bvunzo uye enzyme-yakabatana immunoassay tekinoroji.Iko kushandiswa kwe enzyme-yakabatana immunoassay tekinoroji kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kunzwa uye kujeka kwekuyedzwa kweserological.Haikwanise kungoona iyo antigen muyedzo sampuli, asi zvakare kuona iyo antibody chikamu.

MunaGunyana 2020, iyo Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) yakapa nhungamiro yekuongororwa serological kuongororwa kweCCIDID-19.

04 Kuongororwa kweImmunological

Immunological yekuongorora inonziwo immunomagnetic bead separation tekinoroji.Iyi tekinoroji inogona kuparadzanisa pathogenic uye isiri-pathogenic mabhakitiriya muzvirwere.Nheyo yakakosha ndeye: kushandiswa kwemagineti bead microspheres kuparadzanisa imwe antigen kana akawanda marudzi ehutachiwana chaihwo.Maantigen anounganidzwa pamwe chete, uye mabhakitiriya epathogenic anoparadzaniswa kubva kune zvirwere kuburikidza nekuita kwemuviri weantigen uye kunze kwemagnetic field.

Pathogen kuonekwa hotspots-yekufema pathogen kuonekwa

Foregene's "15 breathing system pathogenic bacteria kit" iri kugadzirwa.Iyo kit inogona kuona gumi neshanu marudzi epathogenic mabhakitiriya musputum pasina chikonzero chekuchenesa iyo nucleic acid musputum.Panyaya yekushanda, inopfupisa yepakutanga 3 kusvika kumazuva mashanu kusvika maawa 1.5.